Spatial Analysis of Hydrological Characteristics and Their Impact on the Stability of the Nile River Banks in the Area Extending from Matai to Al-Fashn

Document Type : scientific research and articles

Authors

Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, Benha University, Egypt.

Abstract

This study investigates the spatial analysis of hydrological characteristics and their influence on the stability of the Nile River banks in the reach between Matai and Al-Fashn. An integrated analytical framework was adopted, beginning with a long-term assessment of channel dynamics and morphological changes over the past seven decades. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were employed to monitor these transformations with high precision, enabling the detection of temporal and spatial changes in channel development, meander evolution, island shifts, and variations in water surface area. Such changes are interpreted as direct responses to hydrological, structural, and climatic drivers and are considered early indicators of bank instability. The findings revealed that hydrological parameters—including discharge, flow velocity, water levels, and suspended sediment load—represent critical determinants of riverbank risk, particularly when combined with soil properties. Hydro-mechanical analysis demonstrated that the complex interaction between hydrological conditions and soil strength parameters is the key factor governing bank stability and the likelihood of erosion or collapse. A spatial risk classification was produced, reflecting varying levels of vulnerability along the banks based on soil–water–depth interactions. The study concludes by recommending an integrated approach to riverbank monitoring and protection that relies on updated spatial data, strict regulatory frameworks, and active community engagement to ensure sustainable management of the Nile corridor.

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References

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Journal of Sustainable Development in Social and Environmental Sciences
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
(September, 2025)
September 2025
Pages 90-141

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